Bidirectional visit counter using 8051 microcontroller

Characteristics of ionized regions      1.Total Internal Reflection of Radio Wave Radio waves below 40 MHz are significantly affected by the ionosphere, primarily because radio waves in this frequency range are effectively reflected by the ionosphere. The E and F layers are the most important for this process. For frequencies beyond 40 MHz, the wave-tend to penetrate through the atmosphere versus being reflected. A single skip of a radio wave using the ionosphere. Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic energy. Their propagation depends heavily on environmental factors. Our knowledge of the atmosphere allows us to choose the best frequency and propagation path to communicate.    2.    Formation of Skip Distance and Skip Zone Sky  waves The skip distance is the distance over the Earth's surface between the point where a radio signal is transmitted, and the point where it is received having travelled to the ionosphere, and been refracted back by...

  Bidirectional visit counter using 8051 Microcontroller